反对贪腐 - 2014/11/21 12:40:04
2014-11-21 09:46:02 来源：红歌会网 作者：吕永岩
吕永岩按语：来自美国和英国的媒体报道称，中国公众对转基因作物的抵制，已经使美国转基因作物种植“陷入地狱”。为此他们正在多方面“公关”，并且还将对中国记者、专家及其他人士(国研、农官?)进行发动，通过媒体继续掀起推销转基因作物的高潮。并且路透社明说这次他们推广进入中国的转基因作物将包含“致新生儿畸形成分”。中国大妈及中国人民面临的形势极其险峻。近日某疯狂推销转基因的媒体人，出版了一本吹捧转基因的书，孟山都亚太区负责人出面捧场。很明显，这是转基因生物公司对中国实施新一场生物打击的强烈信号。中国人民别无选择，必须严阵以待。
【路透社报道】美国陶化学公司终于获得美国对新型转基因Enlist作物及其捆绑使用致新生儿畸形橙剂成分2,4-D除草剂的批准，但是他们通向10亿美元市场机会现在遭遇了重大障碍：最近时期，中国消费者对于转基因安全性的谨慎极大增加，在此同时，中国对于转基因作物的监管批准几乎终止。去年，美国贸易代表与美国农业部，与美国农业公司联手对中国政府施加更大的压力，企图迫使他们缓解对转基因谷物的立场。美国还要求中国改变对于来自美国谷物货运发现微量未经批准转基因品种的“零容忍”做法。美国产业界推动美国总统奥巴马11月在北京向中国国家主席习近平提出这个问题。美国农业部长托姆·维尔萨克今年12月在芝加哥出席美国--中国联合商贸委员会会议将谈这个问题。对此作出反应，美国转基因产业界部署了《作物生命国际》，产业界提供经费的团体来推动公众接受生物技术。他们会见被认为公众舆论影响者的中国记者、老师与其他人士，制定明年实施的一项中国社会媒体运动。“中国政府受到公众对生物技术作物认知的巨大压力"，米切尔·张说，他担任《作物生命》中国生物技术委员会执行主任。“那里有许多对于生物技术的负面新闻。”
（路透社）-- 陶化学公司终于获得美国队新型转基因作物及其一揽子化学品的批准，但是他们通向10亿美元市场机会现在遭遇了重大障碍:中国进口壁垒。
The Asian nation has become a major buyer of U.S. corn and soybeans in recent years but has also shown mounting reluctance to accept some GM crops grown by U.S. farmers. For the last year, it has been rejecting U.S. corn shipments containing traces of a type of GM corn developed by Syngenta AG .
中国近年来成为美国玉米与大豆主要买主，但是也显示出对于接受美国农民种植的某些转基因作物的巨大犹豫。去年以来，中国一直拒绝含有先正达开发的一种转基因玉米微量污染的玉米予以退货。
Now Dow, which, like Syngenta has yet to receive Chinese import approval for its new crops, faces the ire of the U.S. farm sector if traces of those crops make their way into ex-ports to China.
现在，陶化学公司，像先正达一样，还没有获得中国进口这种新型转基因作物的批准，如果微量这种新型转基因作物混入向中国出口的农产品的话，他们必然面临美国农场的愤怒。
U.S. corn and soybean farmers have largely embraced the GM specialty crops that can tolerate treatments of herbicide and fight off harmful pests, citing enhanced ease of production of critical food, feed and energy crops.
美国玉米与大豆农民在很大程度上接受了容忍除草剂喷洒与杀害虫的转基因作物，认为它们使重要的粮食、饲料和能源作物的生产更容易。
However, while GM crop developers and other GM crop backers say many scientific studies show the crops are safe and the U.S. Department of Agriculture promotes the crops as a means to enhancing global food security, many other countries and environmental and consumer groups say the crops contribute to health and environmental problems.
然而，转基因作物开发者与其他转基因作物支持者声称有多少科学研究表明转基因作物安全以及美国农业部推进转基因作物声称它们是加强全球食品安全时，许多国家、环境保护团体与消费者团体强调转基因作物造成了健康与环境性问题。
Chinese consumer wariness over GMO safety has mounted recently, and at the same time, Chinese regulatory approvals have ground to a near halt. The last import approval for a GM grain was granted in June 2013.
最近时期，中国消费者对于转基因安全性的谨慎极大增加，在此同时，中国对于转基因作物的监管批准几乎终止。对一种转基因谷物最后一次批准于2013年6月颁发。
Reluctance by Chinese regulators to approve some types of GM varieties from the United States is a significant problem for the entire U.S. agricultural sector, limiting access to a big export market.
中国监管机构在批准某些类型的转基因作物方面的犹豫，对整个美国农业形成了显著问题，限制美国更多转基因作物进入巨大的出口市场。
Those involved in the effort say there is no solution in sight.
涉及推动对此改变努力的部门说，目前见不到任何解决方案。
The U.S. trade representative and the U.S. Department of Agriculture have joined with U.S. agribusiness companies over the last year to increase pressure on the Chinese government to ease its stance against GM grain.
去年，美国贸易代表与美国农业部，与美国农业公司联手对中国政府施加更大的压力，企图迫使他们缓解对转基因谷物的立场。
However, U.S. industry players say that with each step forward comes at least one step back.
然而，美国产业玩家说，每次向前迈一步带来至少退回一步。
The industry is also taking its message directly to Chinese consumers, backing a push to combat GMO wariness in the country.
美国产业界也力图直接向中国消费者传达讯息，对中国国内推动抗击对转基因的谨慎给予支持。
Darci Vetter, chief agricultural negotiator in the office of the U.S. trade representative, said the GMO import issue is a high priority for U.S. trade negotiators.
达西·维特，美国贸易代表办公室首席农业谈判代表说，转基因进口的问题是美国贸易谈判高度优先的问题。
"Trade is being blocked now. We have reached out at very high levels to China on this issue," she said.
“贸易现在遭到阻止。我们就此问题与中国非常高级别官员进行了交涉”，她说。
The industry was pushing for U.S. president Barack Obama to raise the issue with Chinese president Xi Jingping when they met in Beijing Nov.
美国产业界推动美国总统奥巴马11月在北京向中国国家主席习近平提出这个问题。
U.S. agriculture secretary Tom Vilsack is slated to hold talks on agricultural trade issues with China at a meeting of the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade in Chicago in December.
美国农业部长托姆·维尔萨克今年12月在芝加哥出席美国--中国联合商贸委员会会议将谈这个问题。
CUMBERSOME PROCESS
繁琐的过程
The Obama administration and the U.S. agribusiness industry want China to change measures that they see as blocking or delaying approval of GM agricultural products. One requires a product to be approved from an exporting country before Chinese regulators will begin reviewing an application.
奥巴马政府与美国农业产业要中国改变美方视为阻碍或延迟批准转基因农业产品的措施。中国方面的措施是出口国必须首先批准某种转基因作物，中国监管者才开始审查对这种转基因作物的申请。
Dow's application has been languishing before Chinese regulators since after Canada approved Enlist crops in 2012. The company said Chinese regulators have not indicated when a decision might be granted.
加拿大2012年批准陶化学公司Enlist转基因作物前，陶化学公司在中国的申请一直在徘徊。陶化学公司说，中国监管机构还没有表明何时可能做出决定。
Chinese authorities used to issue regulatory decisions multiple times a year, but they have indicated they now will issue decisions on applications only once a year, according to those who have been working on the issue.
中国政府部门原来曾经每年多次颁发监管决定，但是他们表明现在每年仅一次对新的申请颁发决定。
Beijing issued the last import approval for a GM grain in June 2013, said Matthew O'Mara, director of international affairs at the Biotechnology Industry Organization.
北京对某种转基因谷物2013年6月颁发了最后一次进口批准，马修·O'马拉说，他担任生物技术组织国际事务主任。
The U.S. also wants China to change a zero-tolerance approach for even low levels of an unapproved GM strain in a shipment of grain from the U.S.
美国还要求中国改变对于来自美国谷物货运发现微量未经批准转基因品种的“零容忍”做法。
Cargill sued Syngenta last month, alleging that China's rejections of U.S. crops contaminated with the seed-maker's unapproved GM corn had cost the exporter at least $90 million.
佳吉公司10月份起诉先正达，控告他们对中国退货的美国转基因作物受到先正达未经批准转基因玉米（MIR612）污染对出口企业造成至少9000万美元损失。
Meanwhile, Dow says it is designing a strategy to minimize disruption to export channels until China approves Enlist.
在此同时，陶化学公司说，他们正在制定一种战略在中国批准新型转基因作物Enlist前能够减少对出口渠道的干扰。
Industry experts warn there is a high risk that more U.S. grain sales could be in jeopardy of Chinese rejection if farmers begin harvesting Enlist grain before China improves the herbicide system for import.
行业专家警告，在中国批准这种新的抗除草剂转基因Enlist谷物前，如果农民开始收获这种新的转基因谷物，存在更多美国谷物出口将由于中国退货陷入困境。
APPEAL TO PUBLIC
呼吁公众
China is already a large producer of GM cotton, and the country imports millions of tonnes of GM soybeans annually for pig feed.
中国已经是大量种植转基因棉的国家，中国每年进口数千万吨转基因大豆做猪饲料。
However, consumer concern about the health risks of GM crops has grown over the issue of human consumption.
然而，消费者围绕人类食用转基因作物健康风险的担心在增长。
In response, the industry has deployed CropLife International, the industry-funded group that promotes public acceptance of biotechnology. It has met with Chinese journalists, teachers and others who are seen as opinion influencers and is planning a China social media campaign next year.
对此作出反应，美国转基因产业界部署了《作物生命国际》，产业界提供经费的团体来推动公众接受生物技术。他们会见被认为公众舆论影响者的中国记者、老师与其他人士，制定明年实施的一项中国社会媒体运动。
"The Chinese government is under huge pressure because of the public perception on biotech crops," said Michelle Chang, executive director of CropLife China's biotech committee. "There is a lot of negative news on biotech."
“中国政府受到公众对生物技术作物认知的巨大压力"，米切尔·张说，他担任《作物生命》中国生物技术委员会执行主任。“那里有许多对于生物技术的负面新闻。”
吕永岩按语：来自美国和英国的媒体报道称，中国公众对转基因作物的抵制，已经使美国转基因作物种植“陷入地狱”。为此他们正在多方面“公关”，并且还将对中国记者、专家及其他人士(国研、农官?)进行发动，通过媒体继续掀起推销转基因作物的高潮。并且路透社明说这次他们推广进入中国的转基因作物将包含“致新生儿畸形成分”。中国大妈及中国人民面临的形势极其险峻。近日某疯狂推销转基因的媒体人，出版了一本吹捧转基因的书，孟山都亚太区负责人出面捧场。很明显，这是转基因生物公司对中国实施新一场生物打击的强烈信号。中国人民别无选择，必须严阵以待。
【路透社报道】美国陶化学公司终于获得美国对新型转基因Enlist作物及其捆绑使用致新生儿畸形橙剂成分2,4-D除草剂的批准，但是他们通向10亿美元市场机会现在遭遇了重大障碍：最近时期，中国消费者对于转基因安全性的谨慎极大增加，在此同时，中国对于转基因作物的监管批准几乎终止。去年，美国贸易代表与美国农业部，与美国农业公司联手对中国政府施加更大的压力，企图迫使他们缓解对转基因谷物的立场。美国还要求中国改变对于来自美国谷物货运发现微量未经批准转基因品种的“零容忍”做法。美国产业界推动美国总统奥巴马11月在北京向中国国家主席习近平提出这个问题。美国农业部长托姆·维尔萨克今年12月在芝加哥出席美国--中国联合商贸委员会会议将谈这个问题。对此作出反应，美国转基因产业界部署了《作物生命国际》，产业界提供经费的团体来推动公众接受生物技术。他们会见被认为公众舆论影响者的中国记者、老师与其他人士，制定明年实施的一项中国社会媒体运动。“中国政府受到公众对生物技术作物认知的巨大压力"，米切尔·张说，他担任《作物生命》中国生物技术委员会执行主任。“那里有许多对于生物技术的负面新闻。”
U.S. in limbo over China's stance on GM crop safety
中国转基因作物安全性立场使美国陷入地狱
转载自(美国)《西部生产者》网站
http://www.producer.com/2014/11/u-s-in-limbo-over-chinas-stance-on-gm-crop-safety
《路透社》网站：
http://cn.reuters.com/article/swissMktRpt/idCNL1N0SM16720141031?sp=true
By Carey Gillam and Tom Polansek Posted 2014-11-13
陈一文译(cheniwan@cei.gov.cn)
《转基因技术与人类安全》研究专家、80年代前全国青联委员
(Reuters) -- Dow Chemical Co. has finally received U.S. government approval for a package of chemicals and new genetically modified crops, but now it faces a major obstacle to a US$1 billion market opportunity: Chinese import barriers.（路透社）-- 陶化学公司终于获得美国队新型转基因作物及其一揽子化学品的批准，但是他们通向10亿美元市场机会现在遭遇了重大障碍:中国进口壁垒。
The Asian nation has become a major buyer of U.S. corn and soybeans in recent years but has also shown mounting reluctance to accept some GM crops grown by U.S. farmers. For the last year, it has been rejecting U.S. corn shipments containing traces of a type of GM corn developed by Syngenta AG .
中国近年来成为美国玉米与大豆主要买主，但是也显示出对于接受美国农民种植的某些转基因作物的巨大犹豫。去年以来，中国一直拒绝含有先正达开发的一种转基因玉米微量污染的玉米予以退货。
Now Dow, which, like Syngenta has yet to receive Chinese import approval for its new crops, faces the ire of the U.S. farm sector if traces of those crops make their way into ex-ports to China.
现在，陶化学公司，像先正达一样，还没有获得中国进口这种新型转基因作物的批准，如果微量这种新型转基因作物混入向中国出口的农产品的话，他们必然面临美国农场的愤怒。
U.S. corn and soybean farmers have largely embraced the GM specialty crops that can tolerate treatments of herbicide and fight off harmful pests, citing enhanced ease of production of critical food, feed and energy crops.
美国玉米与大豆农民在很大程度上接受了容忍除草剂喷洒与杀害虫的转基因作物，认为它们使重要的粮食、饲料和能源作物的生产更容易。
However, while GM crop developers and other GM crop backers say many scientific studies show the crops are safe and the U.S. Department of Agriculture promotes the crops as a means to enhancing global food security, many other countries and environmental and consumer groups say the crops contribute to health and environmental problems.
然而，转基因作物开发者与其他转基因作物支持者声称有多少科学研究表明转基因作物安全以及美国农业部推进转基因作物声称它们是加强全球食品安全时，许多国家、环境保护团体与消费者团体强调转基因作物造成了健康与环境性问题。
Chinese consumer wariness over GMO safety has mounted recently, and at the same time, Chinese regulatory approvals have ground to a near halt. The last import approval for a GM grain was granted in June 2013.
最近时期，中国消费者对于转基因安全性的谨慎极大增加，在此同时，中国对于转基因作物的监管批准几乎终止。对一种转基因谷物最后一次批准于2013年6月颁发。
Reluctance by Chinese regulators to approve some types of GM varieties from the United States is a significant problem for the entire U.S. agricultural sector, limiting access to a big export market.
中国监管机构在批准某些类型的转基因作物方面的犹豫，对整个美国农业形成了显著问题，限制美国更多转基因作物进入巨大的出口市场。
Those involved in the effort say there is no solution in sight.
涉及推动对此改变努力的部门说，目前见不到任何解决方案。
The U.S. trade representative and the U.S. Department of Agriculture have joined with U.S. agribusiness companies over the last year to increase pressure on the Chinese government to ease its stance against GM grain.
去年，美国贸易代表与美国农业部，与美国农业公司联手对中国政府施加更大的压力，企图迫使他们缓解对转基因谷物的立场。
However, U.S. industry players say that with each step forward comes at least one step back.
然而，美国产业玩家说，每次向前迈一步带来至少退回一步。
The industry is also taking its message directly to Chinese consumers, backing a push to combat GMO wariness in the country.
美国产业界也力图直接向中国消费者传达讯息，对中国国内推动抗击对转基因的谨慎给予支持。
Darci Vetter, chief agricultural negotiator in the office of the U.S. trade representative, said the GMO import issue is a high priority for U.S. trade negotiators.
达西·维特，美国贸易代表办公室首席农业谈判代表说，转基因进口的问题是美国贸易谈判高度优先的问题。
"Trade is being blocked now. We have reached out at very high levels to China on this issue," she said.
“贸易现在遭到阻止。我们就此问题与中国非常高级别官员进行了交涉”，她说。
The industry was pushing for U.S. president Barack Obama to raise the issue with Chinese president Xi Jingping when they met in Beijing Nov.
美国产业界推动美国总统奥巴马11月在北京向中国国家主席习近平提出这个问题。
U.S. agriculture secretary Tom Vilsack is slated to hold talks on agricultural trade issues with China at a meeting of the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade in Chicago in December.
美国农业部长托姆·维尔萨克今年12月在芝加哥出席美国--中国联合商贸委员会会议将谈这个问题。
As well, industry officials were planning to discuss GMOs at a highly anticipated meeting of the newly formed U.S.-China Agriculture and Food Partnership in November. However, the broad-based meeting of government and private-sector representatives from the two countries has been postponed until sometime next year, organizers said.
此外，产业官员还打算11月在高度期望的新建立的《美国--中国农业与食品伙伴关系》讨论转基因的问题。然而，美国与中国更广泛的政府与私人企业代表会议被推迟到明年某个时候。CUMBERSOME PROCESS
繁琐的过程
The Obama administration and the U.S. agribusiness industry want China to change measures that they see as blocking or delaying approval of GM agricultural products. One requires a product to be approved from an exporting country before Chinese regulators will begin reviewing an application.
奥巴马政府与美国农业产业要中国改变美方视为阻碍或延迟批准转基因农业产品的措施。中国方面的措施是出口国必须首先批准某种转基因作物，中国监管者才开始审查对这种转基因作物的申请。
Dow's application has been languishing before Chinese regulators since after Canada approved Enlist crops in 2012. The company said Chinese regulators have not indicated when a decision might be granted.
加拿大2012年批准陶化学公司Enlist转基因作物前，陶化学公司在中国的申请一直在徘徊。陶化学公司说，中国监管机构还没有表明何时可能做出决定。
Chinese authorities used to issue regulatory decisions multiple times a year, but they have indicated they now will issue decisions on applications only once a year, according to those who have been working on the issue.
中国政府部门原来曾经每年多次颁发监管决定，但是他们表明现在每年仅一次对新的申请颁发决定。
Beijing issued the last import approval for a GM grain in June 2013, said Matthew O'Mara, director of international affairs at the Biotechnology Industry Organization.
北京对某种转基因谷物2013年6月颁发了最后一次进口批准，马修·O'马拉说，他担任生物技术组织国际事务主任。
The U.S. also wants China to change a zero-tolerance approach for even low levels of an unapproved GM strain in a shipment of grain from the U.S.
美国还要求中国改变对于来自美国谷物货运发现微量未经批准转基因品种的“零容忍”做法。
Cargill sued Syngenta last month, alleging that China's rejections of U.S. crops contaminated with the seed-maker's unapproved GM corn had cost the exporter at least $90 million.
佳吉公司10月份起诉先正达，控告他们对中国退货的美国转基因作物受到先正达未经批准转基因玉米（MIR612）污染对出口企业造成至少9000万美元损失。
Meanwhile, Dow says it is designing a strategy to minimize disruption to export channels until China approves Enlist.
在此同时，陶化学公司说，他们正在制定一种战略在中国批准新型转基因作物Enlist前能够减少对出口渠道的干扰。
Industry experts warn there is a high risk that more U.S. grain sales could be in jeopardy of Chinese rejection if farmers begin harvesting Enlist grain before China improves the herbicide system for import.
行业专家警告，在中国批准这种新的抗除草剂转基因Enlist谷物前，如果农民开始收获这种新的转基因谷物，存在更多美国谷物出口将由于中国退货陷入困境。
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China is already a large producer of GM cotton, and the country imports millions of tonnes of GM soybeans annually for pig feed.
中国已经是大量种植转基因棉的国家，中国每年进口数千万吨转基因大豆做猪饲料。
However, consumer concern about the health risks of GM crops has grown over the issue of human consumption.
然而，消费者围绕人类食用转基因作物健康风险的担心在增长。
In response, the industry has deployed CropLife International, the industry-funded group that promotes public acceptance of biotechnology. It has met with Chinese journalists, teachers and others who are seen as opinion influencers and is planning a China social media campaign next year.
对此作出反应，美国转基因产业界部署了《作物生命国际》，产业界提供经费的团体来推动公众接受生物技术。他们会见被认为公众舆论影响者的中国记者、老师与其他人士，制定明年实施的一项中国社会媒体运动。
"The Chinese government is under huge pressure because of the public perception on biotech crops," said Michelle Chang, executive director of CropLife China's biotech committee. "There is a lot of negative news on biotech."
“中国政府受到公众对生物技术作物认知的巨大压力"，米切尔·张说，他担任《作物生命》中国生物技术委员会执行主任。“那里有许多对于生物技术的负面新闻。”